POTENSI ARKEOLOGI DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI HOVONGAN, KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU, KALIMANTAN BARAT (ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL IN THE HOVONGAN RIVER BASIN, KAPUAS HULU REGENCY, WEST KALIMANTAN)
Abstrak. Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Hovongan telah memunculkan entitas budaya masyarakat hulu sungai. Manusia yang mendiami daerah ini beradaptasi dengan lingkungan hutan hujan tropis berkapur (limestone forest). Penelitian arkeologi berusaha mengungkap persebaran situs dan aktivitas budaya pada hunian masa lalu di DAS Hovongan. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dengan observasi dan pemetaan situs di Bukit Kahung dan Sungai Awi (anak Sungai Hovongan). Penelitian ini telah berhasil mengidentifikasi beberapa artefak hasil budaya masyarakat di DAS Hovongan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis artefak disimpulkan bahwa hunian pada masa lalu berada di gua-gua kapur yang bercirikan berlantai kering, berbentuk ceruk, dan dekat sumber mata air. Aktivitas budaya dalam hunian antara lain pengolahan hasil buruan, berkesenian, dan ritus kematian.
Kata kunci: DAS Hovongan, Kapuas Hulu, hutan hujan tropis, pemukiman kuno, gua kapur.
Abstract. The Hovongan river basin had raised cultural entities in the upper reaches of the river. Humans who inhabited this area adapt to the limestone rainforest environment. Archaeological research was conducted to uncover the distribution of sites and cultural activities of ancient settlements along the Hovongan. The methods used are observation and mapping of sites in Kahung Hill and Awi River (a tributary of Hovongan). This study has succeeded in identifying several cultural artifacts left by people along the watershed. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that occupancy in the past was in limestone caves which have characteristics of dry floors, niche, and near water resources. Cultural activities in residential areas consist of hunting processing, art and death rites.
Keywords: Hovongan river basin, Kapuas Hulu, tropical rain forest, ancient settlement, limestone cave
Sumber : Berita Penelitian Arkeologi Volume 12 Tahun 2018 , hlm 1-45
Penulis : Imam Hindarto, Vida Pervaya Rusianti Kusmartono, dan Eko Herwanto
Posel : imam.hindarto@kemendikbud.go.id; vida.pervaya@kemdikbud.go.id; eko.herwanto@kemendikbud.go.id